Spray dryers are industrial food-processing machines used to convert liquid or slurry products into dry powder form by rapidly drying them with a hot gas, typically air. The liquid feed is atomized into fine droplets using a nozzle or rotary atomizer, which are then exposed to a stream of hot air, causing the moisture to evaporate almost instantly and leaving behind uniform dry particles. Spray dryers are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries to produce powdered milk, coffee, flavors, egg powder, and other heat-sensitive products. They offer advantages such as high drying efficiency, consistent particle size, easy handling of powdered products, and preservation of flavor and nutritional content.